Myths and Truths about MRI Scan

There are lot of myths about MRI Scan. Here is a video about that



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Rule 4,5, The Fundamental Rules of Tamilnadu Government.

3. Unless in any case it be otherwise distinctly provided by or under the rules, these rules do not apply to Government servants whose conditions of service are governed by Army or Marine Regulations. 4. Deleted. 5. Deleted. 5-A. The Government may relax the provisions of rules or orders in such manner as may appear to them to be just and equitable provided that where any such rule or order is applicable to the case of any person or class of persons, the case shall not be dealt with in any manner less favourable to him or them than that provided by that rule or order. RULING: Fundamental Rule 5-A applies only to relaxations in individual cases. General exemptions from the natural operation of rules can be made only by amendment of the rules by competent authority.

Rule 2 The Fundamental Rules Of Tamilnadu Government

The Fundamental Rules apply, subject to the provisions of Rule 3, to all Government servants paid from the Consolidated Fund of the State and to any other class of Government servants to which Government may by general or special order declare them to be applicable. The Government may, in relation to service, under their administrative control, other than All-India Services, make rules modifying or replacing any of the Fundamental Rules Proviso deleted (G.O.Ms.No.90 P&AR (FR.IV) dt. 5.7.2003 - w.e.f. 19.3.2003). Note 1.—A Government servant who is paid from the Consolidated Fund of the State and who is temporarily transferred to any of the Defence Services shall remain subject to these Fundamental Rules. Note-2.—The Service Rules shall be taken to embody and indicate fully all the provisions governing the services concerned. As laid down in the Service Rules the Fundamental Rules shall govern a service, only in the matter of leave, leave salary, pension and other such conditions of service, as have not been provided for in the Service Rules. If any provision of the Fundamental Rules is repugnant to any provisions of the Service Rules, then the provisions of the Service Rules shall prevail and the provisions of the Fundamental Rules shall, to the extent of the repugnancy, be void. RULINGS. (1) In cases where the Tamil Nadu Government merely record the orders of Government of India regarding Fundamental Rules, it may be assumed theat the instructions issued by the Government of India will apply to Government servants under the rule-making control of Tamil Nadu Government. (2) The personnel allotted from the former Travancore-Cochin State to the Tamil Nadu State shall be governed by the Fundamental Rules of the Tamil Nadu Government subject to the protection given by the proviso to Section 115 of the State Reorganisation Act, 1956 (Central Act 37 of 1956) in supersession of the corresponding rules, if any applicable to them. (G.O.Ms. No.1157, Finance, dated 22nd October 1960.) REFERENCE: (5-A) Consolidated Fund means the Consolidated Fund of the State of Tamil Nadu  Definitions: Article 266 (i) of the Constitution of India Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States (1) Subject to the provisions of Article 267 and to the provisions of this Chapter with respect to the assignment of the whole or part of the net proceeds of certain taxes and duties to States, all revenues received by the Government of India, all loans raised by that Government by the issue of treasury bills, loans or ways and means advances and all moneys received by that Government in repayment of loans shall form one consolidated fund to be entitled the Consolidated Fund of India, and all revenues received by the Government of a State, all loans raised by that Government by the issue of treasury bills, loans or ways and means advances and all moneys received by that Government in repayment of loans shall form one consolidated fund to be entitled the Consolidated Fund of the State (2) All other public moneys received by or on behalf of the Government of India or the Government of a State shall be entitled to the public account of India or the public account of the State, as the case may be (3) No moneys out of the Consolidated Fund of India or the Consolidated Fund of a State shall be appropriated except in accordance with law and for the purposes and in the manner provided in this Constitution

Rule 1The Fundamental Rules Of Tamilnadu Government

RULE:1 These rules may be called the Fundamental Rules. They shall come into force with effect from the 1st January 1922. RULING: The President of the Republic of India and the State Government may, by general or special orders, permit deviations from any provisions of a purely procedural nature contained in any rules made or confirmed under Article 309 of the Constitution of India provided that such deviations shall not affect the conditions of service, the pay and allowances or the pensions of officers subject to the rule-making control of the President of the Republic of India. REFERENCE: Article 309  The Constitution Of India 1949 Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Acts of the appropriate Legislature may regulate the recruitment, and conditions of service of persons appointed, to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of any State: Provided that it shall be competent for the President or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union, and for the Governor of a State or such person as he may direct in the case of services and posts in connection with the affairs of the State, to make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed, to such services and posts until provision in that behalf is made by or under an Act of the appropriate Legislature under this article, and any rules so made shall have effect subject to the provisions of any such Act

NURSING IN INDIA

The ancient records of India indicate the principles and practices of nursing. They are so clear, intelligent and scientific, that many of them might fit into any of the modern textbook. The nurses were usually young men, and only in special cases, women were taken for conducting childbirth. The progress of nursing in India was obstructed by the low state of women, the caste system, illiteracy and political unrest. Military nursing was the earliest type of nursing. In 1664 the East India Company started a hospital for soldiers in a house at Fort St.George, Madras. The first sisters were sent from St.Thomas Hospital, London to this military hospital. In 1797 a Lying - in -Hospital (maternity) for the poor of Madras was built with the helpof subscriptions by Dr.John Underwood. In 1854 the Government sanctioned a training school for midwives in Madras. Florence Nightingale was the first woman to have great influence over nursing in India and had a close knowledge of Indian conditions, especially army. She was interested in the nursing service for the civilian population, though her first interest was the welfare of the army in India. In 1865, Miss Florence Nightingale drew up some detailed "Suggestions on a system of nursing for hospitals in India". Graduates were sent out from the Nightingale School of Nurses at St.Thomas Hospital, England to start similar schools in our country. St Stephens Hospital at Delhi was the first one to begin training the Indian girls as nurses in 1867. In 1871, the first School of Nursing was started in Government General Hospital, Madras with 6 months Diploma Midwives program with four mid-wife students. Four lady Superintendents and four trained nurses from England were posted to Madras. Between 1890 and 1900, many schools, under either missions or government, were started in various parts of India. In the yearly twentieth century, National Nursing Associations were started. In 1897, Dr.B.C.Roy did great work in raising the standards of nursing and that of male and female nurses. In 1908, the trained nurses association of India was formed as it was felt to uphold the dignity and the honour of nursing profession. In 1918, training schools were started for health visitors and dais, at Delhi and Karachi. Two English nurses Miss Griffin and Miss Graham were appointed to give training to and to supervise the nurses. In 1926, Madras State formed the first registration council to provide basic standards in education and training. The first four year basic Bachelor Degree program were established in 1946 at the college of nursing in Delhi and Vellore. With the assistance from the Rockfeller Foundations, seven health centers were set up between 1931 - 1939 in the cities of Delhi, Madras, Bangalore, Lucknow, Trivandrum, Pune and Calcutta. In 1947, after the independence, the community development programme and the expansion of hospital service created a large demand for nurses, auxiliary nurse midwives, health visitors, midwives, nursing tutors and nursing administrators. The Indian Nursing Council was passed by our ordinance on December 31st 1947. The council was constituted in 1949. In 1956, Miss Adrenwala was appointed as the Nursing Advisor to Government of India. The development of Nursing in India was greatly influenced by the Christian missionaries, World War, British rule and by the International agencies such as W.H.O. UNICEF, Red Cross, UNSAID etc. The first master’s degree course, a two-year postgraduate program was begun in 1960 at the College of Nursing, Delhi. In 1963, the School of Nursing in Trivandrum, instituted the first two years post certificate Bachelor Degree program. The associations such as International Council of Nurses, the nurses auxiliary of the CMA of India, T.N.A.I. Indian Nursing council and State level Registration Council are closely connected with promotion and the upliftment of the nursing profession.